Agro forestry
- Adoption of urbanization and industrialization from the people has lead to deforestation and destruction in environmental balance.
- These are unavailability of daily utilizing materials like fire wood, fodder or cattle feed etc. Even the rainfall is abrupted.
- Agriculture farming is turning to become a difficult task.
- Trees are required to protect the soil fertility and increase the soil organic matter.
- Forest provides shade / coolness and protect from environmental pollution.
- The essential process of releasing Oxygen to the environment which is required for human being by takingCarbon-di-oxide.
- Trees are also involved in agricultural practices. In agriculture various ups and downs are common. The major advantages of taking up trees in the field are availability of fire wood, fruits, fodder etc. Many farmers improve their economic conditions by selling the trees.
- In our country, the forest area recorded is about 23%, but 33% is the ideal forest area which required for balanced environment.
- In Karnataka, if all the farmers grow trees on bunds, will help in increasing the establishment of forest area of about 5 lakhhectares.
- Therefore, it isvery essential to our country that our farmers should grow different trees species in their farms to conserve the native tree species.
Recommended tree to grow in farmers field:Farmers can grow tree plants which are most importantly used in their daily life for fire wood, fodder feed, green manure, fruit crop, medicinal, preparing agricultural implements, supporting coir production, oil yielding, protecting agricultural crops from wind damagelikewise various purpose the materials are used.
Multipurpose trees
(A)Trees grown for fire wood purpose:Casurina, Acacia pycnantha, Pycnantha, Casearia siamea, Pongamia, Anogeisus latifolia
(B) Fodder trees:Subabul, Banyan, Peepal tree, Neem, Hebbevu, Jali, Gold mohur, Sesbania grandiflora, Forest tamarind, Caliyandra.
(C) Green leaves manure trees and Bio insecticide tree:Pongamia, Glyricidia,Casearia siamea, Samanea saman(Male mara), Commiphora caudate (Kondamavu), Indian tulip tree (Hoovarisi), Neem, Acacia pycnantha, Lakki mara.
(D) Fruits yieldingtrees: Tamarind, Jackfruit, Mango,Jamoon, Amla, Wood apple, Custard apple, Syzigium jambos, Cashewnut.
(E) Oil yielding and Aromatic tress:Samanea saman (Male mara),Pongamia, Jatropa, Neem, Hippe,Seemaruba, Nilgiri sitriodara, Lakki mara, Lemon grass, Bersera, Canarium strictum, Garcinia indica.
(F)Medicinal trees:Neem, Jamoon, Tinospora cardifolia (Amruthaballi), Terminalia chebula, Acacia catechu, Amla,Andrographis paniculata, Aegle marmelos (Bilwapatre).
(G) Agricultural inplement preparation purpose: Bamboo, Agave, Pongamia, Noogemara, Salix tetrasperma (Niranji), Wrightia tinctoria (Beppale), Alangium savifolium (Ankole), Limonia acidissima (Bilwada).
(H) Culm trees:Bamboo,Casurinaand Eucalyptus.
(I)Log/timber trees: Teak, Diospyrous ebenum, Acacia catechu, Matti, Gmelinaasiatica (Shivani), Lagerstroemia indica, Calophyllum inophyllum, Hebbevu, Jamoon, Hoovarisi, Acacia pycnantha, Mahagani, Banyan tree, Albizzia chinesis, Jack fruit, Mango.
(J) Wind breaking trees: Silver oak, Casurina.
(K) Soil erosion protectingtrees: Bamboo, Agave, Pongamia,Casearia siamea
(L) Paper, Rayon, Poly wood factories pulp trees: Eucalyptus, Subabul, Hebbevu, Silver oak, Bombax ceiba, Moosi tree.
(M) Costliest trees: Sandal wood, Rose wood, Dalbergia latifolia, Tectona grandis (Saguwani),Calophyllum inophyllum.
List of Trees grown for different purpose (Rates 1-10) in
Arid and semi arid area (500 - 700 mm per year)
|
Tree species
|
Fodder
|
Fuel
|
Wood
|
Bye product
(NTEP)
|
Green leaves
|
Rate of development
|
Prevention of soil erosion
|
Problematic soil
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
|
Bengal jaali
|
2
|
6
|
6
|
1
|
2
|
7
|
8
|
1
|
|
Babool tree
|
7
|
10
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
5
|
6
|
|
Aegle marmelos
|
-
|
3
|
-
|
8
|
1
|
4
|
5
|
|
|
Alangium savifolium
|
|
4
|
6
|
5
|
-
|
5
|
5
|
-
|
|
Moosi tree
|
6
|
3
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
9
|
4
|
4
|
|
Albizzia amara
|
7
|
7
|
4
|
5
|
1
|
8
|
5
|
4
|
|
Albizzia chinesis
|
4
|
6
|
9
|
2
|
2
|
7
|
4
|
6
|
|
Aegle marmelos
|
6
|
5
|
9
|
2
|
2
|
6
|
5
|
2
|
|
Cashew
|
2
|
5
|
5
|
4
|
2
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
|
Custard apple
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
8
|
2
|
6
|
5
|
5
|
|
Jack fruit
|
4
|
-
|
7
|
9
|
-
|
6
|
7
|
-
|
|
Neem
|
6
|
5
|
8
|
8
|
9
|
6
|
4
|
6
|
|
Bauhinia purupurea
|
6
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
4
|
-
|
|
Palm tree
|
1
|
5
|
9
|
7
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
|
Butea monosperma
|
-
|
6
|
5
|
6
|
1
|
5
|
4
|
7
|
|
Kakke tree
|
-
|
7
|
6
|
5
|
3
|
7
|
5
|
2
|
|
Casearia siamea
|
2
|
7
|
6
|
2
|
9
|
8
|
5
|
6
|
|
Casurina
|
3
|
9
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
8
|
10
|
|
Calyandra
|
9
|
6
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
8
|
7
|
-
|
|
Seemaruba
|
3
|
1
|
7
|
5
|
3
|
8
|
6
|
3
|
|
Commiphora caudata
|
6
|
6
|
2
|
8
|
2
|
4
|
8
|
2
|
|
Diospyrous ebenum
|
3
|
5
|
10
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
2
|
7
|
|
Bambusa arundinacacea
|
7
|
2
|
5
|
1
|
1
|
8
|
7
|
5
|
|
Amla
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
9
|
1
|
5
|
4
|
7
|
|
Hybrid eucalyptus
|
-
|
5
|
7
|
1
|
1
|
9
|
4
|
4
|
|
N. citriyodara
|
-
|
7
|
6
|
9
|
-
|
9
|
8
|
5
|
|
Wood apple
|
5
|
5
|
7
|
9
|
1
|
5
|
5
|
1
|
|
Banyan tree
|
6
|
4
|
6
|
6
|
-
|
7
|
6
|
7
|
|
Ficus drupacea
|
6
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
-
|
7
|
6
|
2
|
|
Peepal tree
|
7
|
4
|
5
|
2
|
-
|
8
|
6
|
5
|
|
Glyricidia
|
6
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
9
|
-
|
6
|
4
|
|
Hardwickia binata
|
9
|
8
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
4
|
5
|
5
|
|
Holoptelia integrifolia
|
3
|
3
|
5
|
2
|
-
|
8
|
6
|
4
|
|
Subabul
|
10
|
8
|
4
|
1
|
2
|
10
|
7
|
5
|
|
Hippe
|
9
|
7
|
7
|
4
|
1
|
4
|
6
|
5
|
|
Forest mango
|
3
|
6
|
8
|
10
|
-
|
5
|
7
|
2
|
|
Hebbevu
|
7
|
5
|
9
|
2
|
3
|
10
|
6
|
2
|
|
Hybrid tamarind
|
8
|
5
|
5
|
2
|
1
|
8
|
6
|
5
|
|
Pongamia
|
3
|
7
|
4
|
4
|
10
|
6
|
5
|
7
|
|
Rose wood
|
1
|
4
|
10
|
3
|
1
|
8
|
7
|
1
|
|
Sandal
|
2
|
7
|
10
|
10
|
1
|
8
|
3
|
4
|
|
Seemruba
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
8
|
4
|
10
|
9
|
4
|
|
Jamoon
|
7
|
7
|
8
|
10
|
1
|
4
|
4
|
6
|
|
Tamarind
|
8
|
8
|
6
|
10
|
1
|
4
|
4
|
6
|
|
Mahagani
|
1
|
5
|
9
|
2
|
1
|
5
|
5
|
1
|
|
Hoovarasi
|
2
|
6
|
9
|
7
|
4
|
8
|
5
|
1
|
|
|
5
|
4
|
9
|
3
|
2
|
6
|
6
|
5
|
|
* Tress are rated from 1-10 with respect to purpose of utilization.
|
Suitable trees for different agricultural zones
|
Sl.no.
|
Tree species
|
Zones
|
|
1
|
Bengal jali
|
5,6,7,9
|
|
2
|
Babool tree
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
3
|
Aegle marmelos
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
4
|
Moosi mara
|
4,5,6,7,9
|
|
5
|
Albizzia amara
|
4,5,6,7,9
|
|
6
|
Albizzia chinesis
|
4,5,6,7,9
|
|
7
|
Aegle marmelos
|
4,5,6,7,9
|
|
8
|
Cashew
|
4,5,7,10
|
|
9
|
Custard apple
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
10
|
Jackfruit
|
All zones
|
|
11
|
Neem
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
12
|
Bauhinia purupurea
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
13
|
Palm tree
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
14
|
Butea monosperma
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
15
|
Kakke tree
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
16
|
Casearia siamea
|
1,4,5,6,7,9
|
|
17
|
Casurina
|
4,5,6,7,10
|
|
18
|
Seemaruba
|
All zones
|
|
19
|
Calyandra
|
4,5,6,7,10
|
|
20
|
Commiphora caudata
|
4,5,6
|
|
21
|
Diospyrous ebenum
|
All zones
|
|
22
|
Bambusa arundinacacea
|
All zones
|
|
23
|
Amla
|
All zones
|
|
24
|
Hybrid eucalyptus
|
5
|
|
25
|
Wood apple
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
26
|
Banyan tree
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
27
|
Peepal tree
|
All zones
|
|
28
|
Glyricidia
|
All zones
|
|
29
|
Silver oak
|
5,6,7,9,10
|
|
30
|
Gmelinaasiatica
|
6,7,9
|
|
31
|
Hardwickia binata
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
32
|
Holoptelia integrifolia
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
33
|
Subabul
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
34
|
Hippe
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
35
|
Hebbevu
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
36
|
Hybrid tamarind
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
37
|
Pongamia
|
All zones
|
|
38
|
Calophyllum inophyllum
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
39
|
Rose wood
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
40
|
Sandal
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
41
|
Tectona grandis
|
7,9,10
|
|
42
|
Antuvala
|
4,5,6,7,9
|
|
43
|
Seemaruba
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
44
|
Schinus molle
|
7,9.10
|
|
45
|
Jamoon
|
All zones
|
|
46
|
Mahagani
|
5,6,7,9,10
|
|
47
|
Tamarind
|
All zones
|
|
48
|
Matti
|
6,7,9,10
|
|
49
|
Acacia catechu
|
5,6,7,9,10
|
|
50
|
Hoovarasi
|
5,6,7,9,10
|
|
51
|
Chrysophyllum
|
4,5,6,7
|
|
52
|
Ficus drupacea
|
5,6,7
|
Note
|
Zones
|
4= Central dry zone (Chitradurga, Tumkur, Hassan, Chikkamangaluru)
|
|
5= Eastern dry zone (Tumkur, Bengaluru rural, Ramanagar, Kolar, Chikkaballapur)
|
|
6= Southern dry zone (Mandya, Mysore, Chamarajnagar, Tumkur, Hassan)
|
|
7= Southern semi malnad (Mysore, Hassan, Chikkamangaluru, Davanagere, Shivamogga)
|
|
9= Malnad area (Chikkamanglore, Shivamogga, Coorg, Hassan, North Karnataka, Dharwad, Haveri, Belagavi)
|
|
10= Coastal area (South Canara, Udupi, North Canara)
|
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